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Uno de los rompecabezas de madera más entretenidos de todos los tiempos sin duda tiene que ser el Huarong, un puzle muy popular en China.
El juego tradicional chino Huarong Dao(華容道), donde la pieza más grande debe moverse a la parte inferior central para que pueda salir por el borde, sin sacar ninguna de las otras piezas.
El propósito del juego parece claro, aun así lo voy a explicar. El
objetivo es deslizar los soldados o fichas del puzzle de manera vertical
u horizontal para conseguir que Cao Cao pueda huir por el estrecho paso
de Huarong, es decir, la ranura inferior del juego.
Aquí, en
este enlace, os dejamos un vídeo de los pasos que hay que dar para
resolver el juego en su totalidad. Por el momento, el mínimo de pasos
dados para salvar a Cao Cao de las garras del ejército Shu son un total
de 81
Pero para poder jugar debéis conocer su historia oculta.
HISTORIA DEL PUZZLE HUARONG
Este famoso rompecabezas comenzó debido a una popular historia conocida en toda China que data del año 208, durante el reinado de la Dinastía Han del Este (años del 25 al 220).
Antes de contaros la historia os tenemos que presentar a los protagonistas y rivales. Existían dos bandos Wei Unido, comandado por Cao Cao, un sagaz guerrero cuya inteligencia era conocida, y Shu Unido al que pertenecía Guan Yu, comandante de éste que antiguamente había servido bajo el mando de Cao Cao, así que eran viejos conocidos.
Cao Cao y sus tropas luchó en una zona montañosa contra el ejército Shu, y debido a algunos errores estratégicos perdió acasi todos sus hombres quedándose con solo un puñado.
En este momento Cao cao decidió huir con sus soldados, pero la única manera de hacerlo en esa área montañosa era por el estrecho paso de Huarong, algo que sus adversarios tenían muy en cuenta.
Guan Yu capturó a Cao Cao, pero gracias a su vieja amistad aquél permitió que éste escapara.
TABLERO DE HUARONG
En esta historia que os hemos
contado se basa el puzzle Huarong, que se vuelve interesante al intentar
conseguir que Cao Cao escape sin problemas de las garras del ejército
Shu.
El entretenido rompecabezas consiste de un tablero
rectangular con una ranura en el centro inferior del tablero que es por
donde debe escapar Cao Cao. Dentro del tablero rectangular tenemos 10
piezas de diferentes tamaños, donde le cuadrado más grande es Cao Cao y
el rectángulo que al inicio está justo debajo de éste es Guan Yu, el
resto son soldados.
La disposición de las piezas – soldados es la siguiente:
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The Story of Huarong Pass
In the year 208 Cao Cao led 220,000 troops of the Wei army to fight against an army of 50,000 Shu troops in a mountainous area near Chibi in today’s Hubei province. Because of some strategic errors, Cao Cao’s troops were badly defeated in the Battle of Chibi, and he fled with only a handful of his soldiers.
Huarong Pass initial configuration
Cao Cao 曹操 is blocked by the
opposing commanders
A fictionalized version of Cao Cao’s escape is recounted in Three Kingdoms, the classic historical novel by Luo Guanzhong (ca. 1330–1400), and is known to every schoolchild in China. According to this story, the only way for Cao Cao to escape was through the narrow Huarong Pass.
However, the Shu strategist Zhuge Liang had already placed his commander Guan Yu there, and Cao Cao was captured. But taking advantage of their old friendship, Cao Cao persuaded Guan Yu to let him go.
The rectangular board shown here is a battlefield; the large square block at the top is Cao Cao; the horizontal rectangular block directly below Cao Cao is Guan Yu; the other eight blocks are other Shu commanders and soldiers; and the opening at the bottom of the board is Huarong Pass.
Initially the blocks are arranged as shown here, with Cao Cao’s block trapped by the other nine. The player’s job is to slide blocks horizontally and vertically so that Cao Cao can eventually escape through the pass.
Huarong Pass Sliding Block Puzzle
Huarong Pass (Huarong dao 华容道) is a sliding block puzzle that's popular throughout China. Its story is based on a well known encounter during the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220) between Cao Cao, the shrewd and clever strategist for the Wei Kingdom, and Guan Yu, a commander in the Shu Kingdom army who had once served under Cao Cao.
Professor Jiang Changying (1904–2006) of Northwest Industrial University in Xi’an was the first person in China to write about the sliding block puzzle based on this story. He described it in his 1949 book Science Entertainment, and he named the puzzle Huarong Dao (Huarong Pass).
Professor Jiang believed the puzzle was invented in the 1930s and became popular in China during the late 1930s and early 1940s. He had first encountered the puzzle during the summer and fall of 1943.
In 1938, when the Anti-Japanese War began, Professor Lin Dekuan of Northwestern Industrial University left his home in Hanzhong, Shaanxi province, and moved to the countryside in Chenggu county to avoid the Japanese air raids. There he saw children playing with sliding block puzzles made of paper.
In 1943 Liang Qing of Xi’an was a teacher in the New Fourth Route Army, and he publicized the sliding block puzzle among the soldiers to enhance their cultural life.
He learned Huarong Pass from people in northern Jiangsu province and publicized it among the soldiers. Liang collected many different initial configurations of Huarong Pass and gave each a name for easy reference.
The most common configuration was called “Blocked by Broad Sword and Standing Horses.” Other configurations were “Can’t Fly Out, Even with Wings,” and “Layered Blockage.”
If you would like to help Cao Cao to escape through Huarong Pass in eighty-one moves, here are a few intermediate steps to guide you along the way.
Notice that Cao Cao and the opposing commanders on his left and right do not budge for the first twenty-four moves, so all the initial action takes place on the lower part of the battleground.
Continue to follow the indicated steps, and lead Cao Cao through the opening at the base on the eighty-first move.
After you’ve led Cao Cao through Huarong Pass, try to do it again without looking at the hints. And don’t forget to try solving the other configurations too. Good luck!
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¿Cómo se juega al TRES EN RAYA?
¿Qué va a pasar?
Si los dos jugadores sabéis jugar bien, siempre vais a empatar. Y si alguno de los dos no conoce estos trucos es posible que le ganéis.
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