Canciones subtituladas para aprender inglés

Robbie Williams - Better Man
INXS - Never Tear Us Apart
Ysabelle Cuevas - Maria (Hwasa Cover)
Dua Lipa - Levitating
Sia - Alive
Daft Punk - Something About Us
Starship - Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now
ZAYN & Zhavia - Ward A Whole New World
Bon Jovi - Livin' On A Prayer
Christina - Perri Human
Lady Gaga & Bradley - Cooper Shallow
Queen - The Show Must Go On
Doris Day Qué Será, Será
Nina Simone - Feeling Good
Sophie Ellis Bextor - Murder On The Dance floor
Alanis Morissette - Ironic
Norah Jones - Carry On
Earl Grant - The End
Anne-Marie & James Arthur - Rewrite The Stars
Tones - And I Dance Monkey
Frank Sinatra - Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas
Barbra Streisand - Christmas Lullaby
Beck - Everybody's Got To Learn Sometime
Florence - And The Machine Sky Full Of Song
Paloma - Faith Upside Down
Coldplay - Always In My Head
Elvis Presley - Always On My Mind
Sia - Move Your Body
U2 - Stuck In A Moment You Can't Get Out Of
Whitney Houston - I Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me)
Adele - Chasing Pavements
Nana Mouskouri - Amazing Grace
The Platters - Christmas Time
The Jackson 5 - Give Love On Christmas Day
Alter Bridge - Metalingus
Coldplay - A Sky Full Of Stars
Gloria Gaynor - I Will Survive
Sofia Karlberg - Crazy In Love
Melanie Martinez - Crazy
Britney Spears - (You Drive Me) Crazy
Fine Young Cannibals - She Drives Me Crazy
Luke Combs - Beautiful Crazy
Coldplay - Hymn For The Weekend
Radiohead - Creep
Keira Knightley - Lost Stars
Bad English - When I See You Smile
Lily Allen - Somewhere Only We Know
The Platters - Only You
Lady Gaga - The Edge Of Glory
Linkin Park - New Divide
Louis Armstrong - La Vie En Rose
Avril Lavigne - I'm With You
Perry Como - Killing Me Softly
The Beach Boys - God Only Knows
Sia - Soon We'll Be Found
Rag'n'Bone - Man Human
Kodaline - Moving On
Mio Yamazaki - Noise
Paloma - Faith Only Love Can Hurt Like This
Within Temptation Jillian (I'd Give My Heart)
Clean Bandit & Zara Larsson - Symphony
Lady Antebellum - Never Alone
Queen - Thank God It's Christmas
Mariah Carey - All I Want For Christmas Is You
Queen - Las Palabras De Amor
Corinne Bailey Rae - Put Your Records On
Elvis Presley - And I Love You So
OneRepublic -Wherever I Go
Kotringo - Harmonia
Sia - Cheap Thrills
Fiona - Apple Across The Universe
Florence - And The Machine Shake It Out
Bastille - Pompeii
Aaron Montalvo - Mi Corazón Encantado
Linkin Park - Leave Out All The Rest
Coldplay - Clocks
Britney Spears - Toxic
Keane - Crystal Ball
30 Seconds To Mars - From Yesterday
Panic! - At The Disco Nine In The Afternoon
Evanescence - Bring Me To Life
Simple Plan - Shut Up!
Fall Out Boy Dance, Dance
Oasis - Champagne Supernova
The Killers - Somebody Told Me
My Chemical Romance - Welcome To The Black Parade
Green Day - 21 Guns
Linkin Park - Breaking
BôA - Duvet
Coldplay - Ocean
Oasis - Don't Go Away
KT Tunstall - Black Horse And The Cherry Tree
Katrina - And The Waves Walking On Sunshine
Frank Sinatra - Fly Me To The Moon
Aerosmith - Dream On
U2 - With Or Without You
Coldplay - What If?
Keane - The Starting Line
Sia - Chandelier
Coldplay - In My Place
Sia - Elastic Heart
Coldplay & Rihanna - Princess Of China
Adele - Someone Like You
Keane - Silenced By The Night
Paul McCartney & Wings - Silly Love Songs
Coldplay - Adventure Of A Lifetime
Lea Michele - Auld Lang Syne
Oh Wonder - Shark
Coldplay - Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas
Elton John - Can You Feel The Love Tonight?
The Pretty - Reckless
OneRepublic - Something I Need
Simple Minds - Don't You (Forget About Me)
Regina - Spektor Real Love
Frankie Valli - Can't Take My Eyes Off
Dionne Warwick - I Say A Little Prayer
MAGIC! - Rude
Elvis Presley - Let It Be
Sia - Bird Set Free
Coldplay - Life In Technicolor
Sia - Unforgettable
Lily Allen - Littlest Things
Iron Maiden - Dream Of Mirrors
Coldplay - Speed Of Sound
Amy Winehouse - Our Day Will Come
Soulsister - The Way To Your Heart
Coldplay - Magic
Alanis Morissette - That I Would Be Good
Snow Patrol - Chasing Cars Acoustic
Imagine - Dragons Friction
Elvis Costello - She
Keane Bend - And Break
Jason Mraz - Love Someone
The Flaming - Lips Do You Realize?
One Republic - I Lived
Alanis Morissette - Hand In My Pocket
Carole King - I Feel The Earth Move
Sia - Big Girls Cry
A Great Big World & Christina Aguilera - Say Something
Michael - Bublé Sway
Coldplay - Always In My Head
Barbra Streisand - Being Good Isn't Good Enough
Train - Drops Of Jupiter
Styx - Come Sail Away
Coldplay - Miracles
The Frames Seven Day Mile
Sia - Chandelier
Robbie Williams - Feel
Coldplay - Lost!
Florence And The Machine - Seven Devils
OneRepublic - Stop And Stare
Bon Jovi - You Give Love A Bad Name
Righteous Brothers - Unchained Melody
OneRepublic - Love Runs Out
The Killers - Just Another Girl
Coldplay - Viva La Vida
Sixpence - None The Richer I Can't Catch
The Flamingos I Only Have Eyes For You
Eels - Beautiful Freak
The Killers - Human
Keane - Somewhere Only We Know
Corinne Bailey Rae - Like A Star
A Great Big World - This Is The New Year
Coldplay - Gravity
John Legend - All Of Me
Eels - My Beloved Monster
The Supremes - The Happening
Muse - Bliss
Avicii - Wake Me Up
Idina Menzel - Defying Gravity
The Fray - Never Say Never
Aerosmith - Amazing
Keane - This Is The Last Time
Dixie - Chicks Landslide
Cat Stevens - Wild World
ABBA - Mamma Mia
Enya - If I Could Be Where You Are
Cass Elliot - Dream A Little Dream Of Me
Neon - Trees Animal
Journey - Any Way You Want It
Iron - And Wine Passing Afternoon
Birdy - Wings
The Pieces Of Shit Lay & Love
Christina Perri - I Believe
Florence - And The Machine Dog Days Are Over
Tom Jones - It's Not Unusual
The Fray - How To Save A Life
Goo Goo Dolls - Iris
Celine Dion - It's All Coming Back To Me Now
Christina Perri - A Thousand Years
Greg Laswell - Comes and Goes
Lionel Richie - Hello
Aerosmith - I Don't Want To Miss A Thing
Rent - Seasons Of Love
Imagine - Dragons It's Time
Mika - Happy Ending
The Doors - People Are Strange
The Band Perry - If I Die Young
The All American Rejects - It Ends Tonight
Owl City - Fireflies
The Cardigans - Lovefool
Survivor - Eye of the Tiger
Sara Bareilles - Love Song
Macy Gray - Don't Forget Me
James Blunt - Carry You Home
Fun Some Nights
Creed - With Arms Wide Open
Dido - Thank You
Madonna - Hung Up
Emeli Sande - Next To Me
The Pretenders - I'll Stand By You
Imagine - Dragons Radioactive
Les Misérables - I Dreamed a Dream
Keane - You Are Young
Roxette - Listen To Your Heart
Ellie Goulding - Your Song
Trading - Yesterday Shattered
Frank Sinatra - My Way
Queen - I Want To Break Free
Sixpence - None The Richer Kiss Me
The Fray - Look After You
Memory Tapes - Wait In The Dark
Paramore - Last Hope
Sara Bareilles - Brave
Logic - Let Me Go
Bill Haley & His Comets - Rock Around The Clock
Christina Perri - Arms
Ella Fitzgerald - It's All Right With Me
The Police - Every Breath You Take
Linkin Park - Numb
Oasis - Stop Crying Your Heart Out
No Doubt - Don't Speak
King Of Leon - Notion
Oasis - Wonderwall
Bruno Mars - Locked Out Of Heaven
Bill Medley & Jennifer Warnes - I've Had The Time Of My Life
Irene Cara - What A Feeling
Olivia Newton John & John Travolta - You're The One That I Want
The Boxer - Rebellion Caught By The Light
Bee Gees - How Deep Is Your Love
Frank Sinatra & Nancy Sinatra - Something Stupid
Radiohead - All I Need
Goo Goo Dolls - Let Love In
Kenny Rogers & Sheena Easton - We've Got Tonight
Queen - Love Of My Life
Lady Gaga - The Edge Of Glory
Keane Everybody's - Changing
James Blunt You're - Beautiful
Passenger - Let Her Go
U2 - Window In The Skies
Joe Cocker - You Are So Beautiful
Boston - More Than A Feeling
Matt Corby - Made Of Stonen
Scala & Kolacny Brothers - Creep
Jon Bon Jovi - It's My Life
KT Tunstall - Other Side Of The World
Gotye - Somebody That I Used To Know
Brandi - Carlile The Story
The Smiths - Asleep
Damien Rice - Delicate
Coldplay - Yellow
Edwina Hayes - Feels Like Home
Queen - Bohemian Rhapsody
The Turtles - So Happy Together
V For Volume - Cheap Universe
Jason Mraz - A Beautiful Mess
Greg Laswell - Girls Just Want to Have Fun
The Strokes - Last Nite
Dido - White Flag
Keane - A Bad Dream
OneRepublic - Counting Stars
U2 - I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For
Fleetwood - Mac Songbird
Imagine Dragons - Demons
Ellie Goulding - Anything Could Happen
Elvis Presley - Are You Lonesome Tonight?
Jason Mraz & Colbie - Caillat Lucky
Frank Sinatra - Strangers in the Night
Journey - Don't Stop Believin'
Florence And The Machine - Shake It Out
Passenger - Heart's On Fire
The Verve - Bitter Sweet Symphony
Damien Rice & Lisa Hannigan - 9 Crimes
My Chemical Romance - Helena
Kari Kimmel - One Day You Will Be Fine
Bird York - In The Deep
Adele - Chasing Pavements
Green Day - The Forgotten
Coldplay - Atlas
BôA - Duvet
All Time Low - Daydream Away
Coldplay - Paradise
Landon Pigg & Lucy Schwartz - Darling I Do
The Killers - Shot At The Night
Zedd ft. Foxes - Clarity
Coldplay - Fix You
UNKLE - Hold My Hand
All Time - Low Painting Flowers
The Killers - Mr. Brightside
Hoobastank - The Reason
Snow Patrol - Chasing Cars
Evanescence - Everybody's Fool
Ross Copperman - Holding On And Letting Go
Jason Mraz - If It Kills Me
Journey - Faithfully
Amy Winehouse - Back To Black
Natalie Imbruglia - Torn
Coldplay - The Scientist
P!nk - Fuckin' Perfect
Imagine - Dragons On Top Of The World
Shocking - Blue Venus
Christina Perri & Jason Mraz - Distance
Birdy - Strange Birds
Green Day - Good Riddance (Time Of Your Life)
Hurts -Stay
Keane - The Starting Line
Queen - Crazy Little Thing Called Loved
Muse - Unintended
Louis Armstrong - What A Wonderful World
Jesse Harris & The Ferdinandos - If You Won't
Elvis Presley - Can't Help Falling In Love
Damien Rice - The Blower's Daughter
Lisa Hannigan I Don't Know
Pearl Jam - Black
Andrew Belle - In My Veins
Barry Manilow - Can't Smile Without You
Keane - Bedshaped
Gene Kelly - Singing In The Rain
Nat King Cole - LOVE
Linkin Park - In Pieces
Olivia Newton John - Hopelessly Devoted To You
Justin Timberlake - Mirrors
Queen - Somebody To Love
The Pretty Reckless - Just Tonight
The Killers - Read My Mind
Kansas - Dust In The Wind
OneRepublic - Marchin On
Colbie - Caillat Bubbly
Berlin - Take My Breath Away
Crowded House - Don't Dream It's Over
The Afters - Light Up The Sky
Coldplay - Everything's Not Lost
Matt Hires - Honey, Let Me Sing You A Song
Maroon 5- Love Somebody
The Doors - Hello, I Love You
Daughter - Youth
Eels - I Need Some
Green Day - Wake Me Up When September Ends
OneRepublic - Secrets 

 https://www.youtube.com/@TheDashboardLights/videos

  

 ***

Logic Inception
Paramore The Only Exception
R.E.M. - Everybody Hurts
Foreigner - I Want to Know What Love Is

Carpenters at the BBC - 1971
The Carpenters' debut BBC concert, recorded on their first British tour in September 1971. They perform hits including Close to You, Superstar and We've Only Just Begun, together with the odd Beatles' tune and a Bacharach/David medley. Karen's drumming and Richard's keyboards get instrumental support from their five-piece touring band and a 26-piece orchestra conducted by Johnny Pearson.
Also included (which are usually edited out) is the original opening  and the song "I Fell In Love With You" which Karen duets with Doug Strawn. 

INSTRUMENTAL
David Gilmour - Shine On You Crazy Diamond feat. Crosby & Nash (Remember That Night)

*** 

You've got a friend - Carole King 

Baladas Inolvidables con Subtítulos en Inglés y Español

 Baladas Inolvidables con Subtítulos en Inglés y Español

Kansas - Dust in the Wind"

1 - Scorpions ~~ Still Loving You
2 - Lionel Richie ~~ Hello
3 - Chicago ~~ You're The Inspiration
4 - REO Speedwagon ~~ Can't Fight This Feeling
5 - Glenn Medeiros ~~ Nothing Gonna Change My Love For You
6 - George Michael ~~ Careless Whisper
7 - Blue & Elton John ~~ Sorry Seems To Be The Hardest Word
8 - The Police ~~ Every Breath You Take
9 - F.R. David ~~ Words
10 - Peter Cetera ~~ Hard To Say I'm Sorry
11 - Robbie Williams ~~ Angels
12 - Scorpions ~~ When You Came Into My Life
13 - Aerosmith ~~ I Don't Want To Miss A Thing
14 - Whitesnake ~~ Is This Love
15 - Foreigner ~~ I Want To Know What Love Is
16 - Cutting Crew ~~ I Just Died In Your Arms Tonight
17 - Richard Marx ~~ Right Here Waiting
18 - Toni Braxton ~~ Unbreak My Heart
19 - Europe ~~ Carrie
20 - Scorpions ~~ Are You The One & You and I
21 - Cock Robin ~~ When Your Heart Is Weak
22 - Mr. Mister ~~ Broken Wings
23 - Chris de Burgh ~~ The Lady In Red
24 - Kenny Rogers ~~ Lady
25 - Foreigner ~~ Waiting For A Girl Like You
26 - Century ~~ Lover Why
27 - Robin Gibb ~~ Like A Fool
28 - Air Supply ~~ Goodbye
29 - F.R. David ~~ Music
30 - Michael Bolton ~~ How Am I Supposed To Live Without You
31 - REO Speedwagon ~~ Here With Me
32 - Air Supply ~~ All Out Of Love
33 - Firehouse ~~ I Live My Life For You
34 - Aerosmith ~~ Crazy
35 - REO Speedwagon ~~ Just For You
36 - Firehouse ~~ When I Look Into Your Eyes
37 - Air Supply ~~ Even The Nights Are Better
38 - Scorpions ~~ Lonely Nights
39 - Firehouse ~~ Here For You
40 - Cock Robin ~~ The Promise You Made
41 - Scorpions ~~ You And I
42 - Toto ~~ Africa
43 - Alphaville ~~ Forever Young
44 - Chicago ~~ I Don't Wanna Live Without Your Love
45 - The Alan Parsons Project ~~ Eye In The Sky
46 - Christopher Cross ~ Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do) 

***

The Rolling Stones  "Gimme Shelter"
The Rolling Stones  "Sympathy for the Devil"
The Rolling Stones "As Tears Go By"
The Roling Stones "You Can't Always Get What You Want"
The Rolling Stones "No Expetations"
The Rolling Stones "Like a Rolling Stone"
The Rolling Stones "Brown sugar"
The Rolling Stones  "Under My Thumb"
The Rolling Stones  "Waiting On A Friend"
The Rolling Stones  "Miss You"
The Rolling Stones - Ride on, baby
The Rolling Stones "Tumbling Dice"

***

Hoobastank ~~ The Reason
Keane ~~ Somewhere Only We Know
Scorpions ~~ Born To Touch Your Feelings
John Legend ~~ All Of Me
Scorpions ~~ Lorelei
Robbie Williams ~~ Fell
Harry Nilsson ~~ Without You
Scorpions ~~ Love Of My Life
Kansas ~~ Dust In The Wind
The Rolling Stones ~~ Angie
Scorpions ~~ When Love Kills Love
Gazebo ~~ I Like Chopin
No Doubt ~~ Don't Speak
Bruno Mars ~~ When I Was Your Man
James Arthur ~~ Impossible
Passenger ~~ Let Her Go
Inna ~~ Sorry
Peter Cetera ~ Glory Of Love
Savage ~~ Only You
Scorpions ~~ Maybe I Maybe You
Keane ~~ Everybody's Changing
Scorpions ~~ Love Will Keep Us Alive
Peter Cetera ~~ If You Leave Me Now
Sarah Connor ~~ From Sarah With Love
Scorpions ~~ Follow Your Heart
Scorpions ~~ The Best Is Yet To Come

*** 

Boris Zhivago ~~ I Still Love You
Casanova ~~ I Don't Want To Be Alone
Aldo Lesina ~~ Don't Let Me Go
Ken Martina ~~ Love Is Forever
Momento ~~ I Used To Be
Roberto Lee ~~ One More Time
Boy Blue ~~ Never
Boris Zhivago ~~ In A World Of Fantasy
Alan Brando ~~ Once Upon A Time
Casanova ~~ Tears Of Love
Aldo Lesina ~~ Memories
Alan Brando ~~ One More Time
Boy Blue ~~ Alone Again
Ken Martina ~~ Memories
Modern Boots ~~ Play The Game
Aldo Lesina ~~ Don't Break My Heart
Boris Zhivago ~~ No More Love
Ranger ~~ Don't Play Games
Alan Brando ~~ Love Is A Fantasy
Ken Martina ~~ Another Melody
Boy Blue ~~ The Sadness In Her Eyes
Boris Zhivago ~~ One Day
Tommy Sun ~~ Dancer
Aldo Lesina ~~ Goodbye
Don Amore ~~ I Only Want You
Solitario ~~ Only You & Me
Boris Zhivago ~~ Deep In My Heart
Alan Brando ~~ Open Up Your Heart
Aldo Lesina ~~ Tell Me Why
Roby ~~ (It's) My Life
Tommy Sun ~~ Loving You
Angélico ~~ On Fire
Aldo Lesina ~~ In Love Again
Ken Martina ~~ A Simple Story
Boy Blue ~~ Hold Me In Your Heart
Aldo Lesina ~~ Romance
Boris Zhivago ~~ Love Is A Memory Away
Tommy Sun ~~ Sometimes
Ranger ~~ You [Angel In My Heart]
Mr. Blue ~~ You're My Life
Aldo Lesina ~~ Another Time
Alan Brando ~~ Love Affair
Boris Zhivago ~~ Lady Of My Fantasy
Modern Boots ~~ Deep In Love
Aldo Lesina ~~ Leave My Mind
Limelight ~~ Ordinary Lover
Emy Care ~~ Fly In The Sky
Boris Zhivago ~~ Mona Lisa
Limelight ~~ Remember My Love
Michael Rimini ~~ Close Your Eyes
Ken Martina ~~ Cinderella
Boris Zhivago ~~ Lonely Lover
Liquore ~~ Run From The Night
Modern Beats ~~ You're My Hearbeat, You're My Soul
Mr. Blue ~~ Never Enough
Boris Zhivago ~~ Russian Girl
Aldo Lesina ~~ Together
Boy Blue ~~ One Day
Boris Zhivago ~~ The Last Goodbye
Alan Brando ~~ Safe My Heart
Aldo Lesina ~~ Illusion
Miko Vanilla ~~ When It's Raining In My Heart
Momento ~~ Once Again
Boy Blue ~~ Why
Boris Zhivago ~~ Another Life
Alan Brando ~~ I Close My Eyes
Ken Martina ~~ Twenty Years Ago
Modern Boots ~~ You're My Love, You're My Life
Ken Martina ~~ Change Your Heart
Boy Blue ~~ Don't Break My Heart
Boy Blue ~~ Can You Forgive Me
Boris Zhivago ~~ History Of Love
Alan Brando ~~ Change Your Heart
Ken Martina ~~ Time
Boris Zhivago ~~ Adagio For Love
Modern Boots ~~ Tears Of A Broken Heart
Boris Zhivago ~~ Russian Eyes
Alan Brando ~~ The Same Old Story
Alan Brando ~~ I Didn't Love You
Boy Blue ~~ Let Me Go
Alan Brando ~~ It's A Magical World
Alan Brando ~~ Take Your Time
Modern Boots ~~ I'ts Long Ago
Modern Boots ~~ My Final Romance
Modern Boots ~~ I Couldn't Love You
Modern Boots ~~ Behind The Clouds Of Misery
Aldo Lesina ~~ King & Queen
Brad Lake ~~ If There's No Tomorrow
Don Amore ~~ Leave Me Alone
Boy Blue ~~ Don't Leave Me Alone
Alan Brando ~~ Once In A Lifetime
Modern Boots ~~ Romance Again
Boris Zhivago ~~ For The Love In Your Eyes
Miko Vanilla ~~ Endless Love
Ken Martina ~~ Tonight
Modern Boots ~~ My Lonely Heart
Alan Brando ~~ In Your Eyes
Boy Blue ~~ In My Heart
Don Amore ~~ Alone Without You
Modern Boots ~~ Memories
Boris Zhivago ~~ Do You Really Love Me
Aldo Lesina ~~ I Need You
Modern Boots ~~ Save My Heart (There's A Story)
Ken Martina ~~ Behind Your Smile
Modern Boots ~~ In The Passion Of My Life
Boris Zhivago ~~ Land Of Magic
Boris Zhivago ~~ That Was Yesterday
Ken Martina ~~ Let Me Go
Chris Moon ~~ My Magic Carillon
Angelico ~~ Forever Love
Solitario ~~ Fool For Love
Don Amore ~~ Stay Here Beside Me
Limelight ~~ They Say It's Goodbye
Emy Care ~~ Never Enough
Boris Zhivago ~~ Over The Rainbow
Miko Vanilla ~~ The Game That You Play
Momento ~~ Long Ago
German Cowboys ~~ You Can Love Me, If You Want
Alan Brando ~~ Remember The Night
Modern Boots ~~ Guinevere
Marco Bardi ~~ Look In My Eyes
Solitario ~~ Angel Eyes
Ranger ~~ High In The Sky
Aldo Lesina ~~ Save My Life
Limelight ~~ If You Don't Love Me
Casanova ~~ It's Like A Rainy Day
Boris Zhivago ~~ Romance In My Heart
Miko Vanilla ~~ I Wanna Hold You
Modern Boots ~~ Don't Say Goodbye
Modern Boots ~~ Hold Me Tight
Ken Martina ~~ A Whisper Of Love
Boy Blue ~~ Inside My Memories

***

¿Por qué fracasó el 23-F? Why did the 23-F fail? (1981)

¿Por qué fracasó el 23-F?

Cuando Tejero le preguntó (al general Armada) quiénes formaban ese gobierno, su rostro se encolerizó. Armada le fue revelando algún nombre hasta que no tuvo más remedio que mostrarle la lista completa. Al leer en ella los nombres de Felipe González y de algún comunista, que ni siquiera conocía, estalló de furia.

Él no había entrado en el Congreso para eso. De haberlo sabido con antelación, jamás hubiera admitido esa solución. Él era partidario de la formación de una junta militar que fuese presidida por el general Milans del Bosch. 

Armada le replicó que quién había hablado de un gobierno militar, ¿quién? E intentó hacerle comprender que si no se aceptaba eso, el esfuerzo realizado no habría valido para nada. Sería un completo fracaso y las consecuencias, peores para España en general, y para ellos en lo personal.

Pero Tejero no escuchaba, estaba rabioso. Se sentía engañado, porque de haber sabido que la acción era para formar un gobierno con socialistas y comunistas, no habría querido saber nada. Seguramente, se hubiera desenganchado. Pero ahora, cogido entre lo más profundo de sus convicciones, radicalmente enfrentadas a socialistas y comunistas, no podía brindarles «su trabajo». Antes, prefería la muerte.
Luego de cruzarse unos cuantos insultos, Armada apeló al sentido de la disciplina militar de Tejero. Último recurso.

Él era un soldado que había recibido una orden de un superior jerárquico. La había aceptado y ejecutado. Y en la vida militar, si hay algo sagrado, es que no se pueden cuestionar las órdenes, ni su naturaleza, ni someter a debate sus consecuencias. Le gustase o no, fuese de su agrado o no, debía obedecer. Tejero le espetó que él estaba ahí por el general Milans del Bosch, que era al único que reconocía y admitía como jefe. No estaba a las órdenes de nadie más. Armada propuso entonces que llamase a Valencia y hablase con Milans.

La conversación con el capitán general de Valencia se sucedió en medio de una gran tensión. Armada explicó a Milans que Tejero se negaba a permitirle dirigirse a los diputados para resolver el gobierno en cuestión. Aquel gabinete sobre el que Armada sí que había puesto en antecedentes a Milans. Y le pidió que por encima de todo hiciera entrar en razón a Tejero, «que está muy ofuscado, y a mí no me quiere obedecer, porque dice que su único jefe eres tú. Si no lo convences, el fracaso y todo lo demás está a la vista.»

Milans intentó en tono suave que Tejero se serenase, que viese el fondo del asunto y aceptase lo que le estaba ofreciendo Armada. Le dijo que lo que le estaba planteando el general Armada era factible. Había un avión a disposición que los sacaría fuera, y que pasado un tiempo podrían regresar sin problemas. Y sin responsabilidad alguna. A Tejero, eso le daba lo mismo. Él no había entrado en el Parlamento para que de su acción se formara un gobierno con socialistas y comunistas. Lo que él quería y deseaba era un gobierno militar «presidido por usted, mi general».

Milans del Bosch, sorprendido, le preguntó quién había hablado de un gobierno militar. Nunca antes se había entrado en asuntos políticos y Tejero lo sabía bien. En todo momento se habló de que la acción era para apoyar la solución Armada, y en eso era en lo que estaban. Lo demás era una cuestión que se había dejado en las manos de Armada y de su majestad el rey. Ellos debían buscar la fórmula que quisieran. Y los demás a obedecer.

Y concluyó Milans: «Por todo ello, le ordeno, Tejero, que haga caso de lo que le está diciendo el general Armada y acepte la solución que le ha propuesto». Tejero le contestó que «no me puede ordenar ni pedir eso, mi general, antes que aceptar una cosa así prefiero morir». Y le colgó el teléfono.

Why did the 23-F fail?

When Tejero asked him (to general Armada) who formed the government, his face grew angry. Armada kept revealing names until he had no choice but to show him the complete list. When he read the names of Felipe González and some communist, whom he did not even know, he exploded with fury.

He had not entered Congress for that. If he had known in advance, he would never have agreed to that solution. He was in favour of the formation of a military junta to be presided over by General Milans del Bosch.

Armada replied that who had spoken of a military government, who? And he tried to make him understand that if this was not accepted, the effort made would have been for nothing. It would be a complete failure and the consequences would be worse for Spain in general and for them personally.

But Tejero would not listen, he was furious. He felt cheated, because if he had known that the action was to form a government with socialists and communists, he would have wanted nothing to do with it. He would probably have disengaged. But now, caught in the depths of his convictions, radically opposed to the socialists and communists, he could not offer them "his work". He preferred death first.
After a few insults, Armada appealed to Tejero's sense of military discipline. A last resort.

He was a soldier who had received an order from a superior officer. He had accepted it and carried it out. And in military life, if there is anything sacred, it is that you cannot question orders, nor their nature, nor debate their consequences. Whether he liked it or not, whether he liked it or not, he had to obey. Tejero told him that he was there because of General Milans del Bosch, who was the only one he recognised and accepted as his boss. He was not under the orders of anyone else. Armada then suggested that he call Valencia and talk to Milans.

The conversation with the captain general of Valencia took place in the midst of great tension. Armada explained to Milans that Tejero refused to allow him to address the deputies to resolve the government in question. That cabinet Armada had indeed put Milans on record about. And he asked him above all to make Tejero see reason, "he is very confused, and he doesn't want to obey me, because he says his only boss is you. If you don't convince him, failure and everything else is in sight".

Milans tried in a gentle tone to get Tejero to calm down, to see the bottom of the matter and accept what Armada was offering him. He told him that what General Armada was proposing was feasible. There was a plane at his disposal that would take them out, and after a while they could return without any problems. And without any responsibility. It didn't matter to Tejero. He had not entered Parliament to form a government with socialists and communists. What he wanted and desired was a military government "presided over by you, my general".

Milans del Bosch, surprised, asked him who had spoken of a military government. Never before had political matters been discussed, and Tejero was well aware of this. At all times it was said that the action was to support the armed solution, and that was what they were working on. The rest was a matter that had been left in the hands of Armada and His Majesty the King. It was up to them to find the formula they wanted. And the rest were to obey.

And Milans concluded: "For all these reasons, I order you, Tejero, to listen to what General Armada is telling you and accept the solution he has proposed". Tejero replied that "you can't order me or ask me to do that, General, I'd rather die than accept such a thing". And he hung up the phone.

El gobierno que el general Armada pretendía proponer en el hemiciclo al pleno del Congreso allí secuestrado era el siguiente:

Presidente: Alfonso Armada Comyn (general de división)
Vicepresidente Político: Felipe González Márquez (secretario general del PSOE).
Vicepresidente Económico: José María López de Letona (ex gobernador del Banco de España).
Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores: José María de Areilza (diputado de Coalición Democrática).
Ministro de Defensa: Manuel Fraga Iribarne (presidente de Alianza Popular, diputado de CD).
Ministro de Justicia: Gregorio Peces Barba (diputado del PSOE)
Ministro de Hacienda: Pío Cabanillas Galla (ministro de Suárez, diputado de la UCD).
Ministro de Interior: Manuel Saavedra Palmeiro (general de división).
Ministro de Obras Públicas: José Luis Álvarez (ministro de Suárez y diputado de UCD).
Ministro de Educación y Ciencia: Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón (diputado de UCD).
Ministro de Trabajo: Jordi Solé Tura (diputado del PCE).
Ministro de Industria: Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún (ministro de Suárez, diputado de UCD).
Ministro de Comercio: Carlos Ferrer Salat (presidente de la patronal CEOE).
Ministro de Cultura: Antonio Garrigues Walker (empresario).
Ministro de Economía: Ramón Tamames (diputado del PCE)
Ministro de Transportes y Comunicaciones: Javier Solana (diputado del PSOE).
Ministro de Autonomías y Regiones: José Antonio Sáenz de Santamaría (teniente general).
Ministro de Sanidad: Enrique Múgica Herzog (diputado del PSOE).
Ministro de Información: Luis María Anson (periodista, presidente de la Agencia Efe).

Se ha dicho que Don Juan Carlos dudó durante la jornada del 23 de febrero. Y es verdad que por momentos le asaltaron muchos temores que hubo de paliar y atajar su fiel secretario Sabino Fernández Campo. 

Pero el rey estuvo en el 23-F hasta que el tapón que le puso Tejero a Armada en el Congreso, le decidió a desmontar toda la operación. 

Aquel «A mí dádmelo hecho» fue su respuesta sistemática durante meses; tanto si quien le proponía que había que dar el golpe de timón era el comandante de estado mayor José Luis Cortina (jefe de los grupos operativos del servicio de inteligencia CESID), como si se trataba de los militares que recibía en audiencia y le sugerían que algo había que hacer para cambiar las cosas, porque la situación era límite, o si quienes lo hacían eran los responsables políticos gubernamentales o de la oposición socialista, o de Alianza Popular y de Coalición Democrática, o el histórico líder de la Esquerra, Josep Tarradellas.

Todos ellos eran partidarios de acabar políticamente con Suárez y de apoyar un golpe de timón, que lo sería de corrección y ajuste de la democracia, con un gobierno de coalición —un nuevo pacto político de la transición— presidido por el general Armada. 

El 23 de febrero de 1981 no hubo conspiración militar ni rebeliones de capitanías generales ni de generales ni varios golpes simultáneos, cogido alguno de ellos al vuelo de la improvisación; sino un entramado criptopolítico en el que una vez alcanzado el consenso básico sobre la fórmula gobierno de gestión presidido por el general Armada, que estaba integrado por representantes de todos los partidos políticos, se generó artificialmente un SAM —Supuesto Anticonstitucional Máximo— con la acción del teniente coronel Tejero — quien al final sería el chivo expiatorio—.

It has been said that Don Juan Carlos hesitated during the day of 23 February. And it is true that at times he was assailed by many fears that his faithful secretary Sabino Fernández Campo had to alleviate and tackle. 

But the King was in the 23-F until Tejero's blockade of Armada in Congress decided to dismantle the whole operation.

That "Give it to me, give it to me done" was his systematic response for months; Whether it was the commander of the general staff, José Luis Cortina (head of the operational groups of the CESID intelligence service), or the military officers he received in audience who suggested that something had to be done to change things, because the situation was at its limit, or whether it was the political leaders of the government or the Socialist opposition, or the Alianza Popular and Coalición Democrática, or the historic leader of the Esquerra, Josep Tarradellas, who were suggesting it.

All of them were in favour of putting an end to Suárez politically and supporting a coup de rudder, which would be one of correction and adjustment of democracy, with a coalition government - a new political pact of the transition - presided over by General Armada. 

On 23 February 1981, there was no military conspiracy, no rebellion of captaincy generals or generals, nor several simultaneous coups, some of them taken on the spur of the moment; but rather a crypto-political framework in which, once a basic consensus had been reached on the formula for a management government presided over by General Armada, which was made up of representatives of all the political parties, a SAM - Maximum Anti-Constitutional Assumption - was artificially generated with the action of Lieutenant Colonel Tejero - who was to be the scapegoat in the end.

¿Por qué fracasó entonces el 23-F?  

El plan urdido por el CESID, brillante y bien diseñado, tuvo varias fallas globalizadas en un solo aspecto: no tener en cuenta el factor humano. Ésa fue la clave. Algo tan sencillo de entender para el común de los mortales, como difícil de prever para mentes ensoberbecidas, henchidas de orgullo, que fueron capaces de planificar sobre la mesa deslumbrantes operaciones que, sin embargo, terminarían arrumbadas en el fracaso por despreciar eso que se llama elementos colaterales; el ser humano. Y el 23-F estuvo lleno de ese componente humano que, al final, sería determinante para su fracaso.

So why did 23-F fail? 

The plan hatched by the CESID, brilliant and well-designed, had several globalised flaws in a single aspect: it did not take into account the human factor. That was the key. Something as simple to understand for ordinary mortals as it is difficult to foresee for arrogant minds, swollen with pride, who were capable of planning dazzling operations on the table which, nevertheless, would end in failure because they disregarded what are called collateral elements: the human being. And 23-F was full of that human component which, in the end, would be decisive for its failure.

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viernes, 4 de agosto de 2023

23-F, 1981 The king and his secret

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